Facebook Business SDK for Python

Introduction

The Facebook Business SDK is a one-stop-shop to help our partners better serve their businesses. Partners are using multiple Facebook API's to serve the needs of their clients. Adopting all these API's and keeping them up to date across the various platforms can be time consuming and ultimately prohibitive. For this reason Facebook has developed the Business SDK bundling many of its APIs into one SDK to ease implementation and upkeep. The Business SDK is an upgraded version of the Marketing API SDK that includes the Marketing API as well as many Facebook APIs from different platforms such as Pages, Business Manager, Instagram, etc.

Quick Start

Business SDK Getting Started Guide

Python is currently the most popular language for our third-party developers. facebook_business is a Python package that provides an interface between your Python application and Facebook's APIs within the Business SDK. This tutorial covers the basic knowledge needed to use the SDK and provides some exercises for the reader.

NOTE: facebook_business package is compatible with Python 2 and 3!

Pre-requisites

Register An App

To get started with the SDK, you must have an app registered on developers.facebook.com.

To manage the Marketing API, please visit your App Dashboard and add the Marketing API product to your app.

IMPORTANT: For security, it is recommended that you turn on 'App Secret Proof for Server API calls' in your app's Settings->Advanced page.

Obtain An Access Token

When someone connects with an app using Facebook Login and approves the request for permissions, the app obtains an access token that provides temporary, secure access to Facebook APIs.

An access token is an opaque string that identifies a User, app, or Page.

For example, to access the Marketing API, you need to generate a user access token for your app and ask for the ads_management permission; to access Pages API, you need to generate a Page access token for your app and ask for the manage_page permission.

Refer to our Access Token Guide to learn more.

For now, we can use the Graph Explorer to get an access token.

Install package

The easiest way to install the SDK is via pip in your shell.

NOTE: For Python 3, use pip3 and python3 instead.

NOTE: Use sudo if any of these complain about permissions. (This might happen if you are using a system installed Python.)

If you don't have pip:

easy_install pip

Now execute when you have pip:

pip install facebook_business

If you care for the latest version instead of a possibly outdated version in the pypi.python.org repository, check out the repository from GitHub or download a release tarball. Once you've got the package downloaded and unzipped, install it:

python setup.py install

Great, now you are ready to use the SDK!

Bootstrapping

Create test.py

Create a test.py file with the contents below (assuming your system is using python 2.7 and installed under /opt/homebrew. Update to your proper python location.):

import sys
sys.path.append('/opt/homebrew/lib/python2.7/site-packages') # Replace this with the place you installed facebookads using pip
sys.path.append('/opt/homebrew/lib/python2.7/site-packages/facebook_business-3.0.0-py2.7.egg-info') # same as above

from facebook_business.api import FacebookAdsApi
from facebook_business.adobjects.adaccount import AdAccount

my_app_id = 'your-app-id'
my_app_secret = 'your-appsecret'
my_access_token = 'your-page-access-token'
FacebookAdsApi.init(my_app_id, my_app_secret, my_access_token)
my_account = AdAccount('act_<your-adaccount-id>')
campaigns = my_account.get_campaigns()
print(campaigns)

Test Your Install

Test your install with the following command:

python test.py

You should see the result in your terminal window. If it complains about an expired token, repeat the process for requesting a Page Access Token described in the prerequisites section above.

NOTE: We shall use the objects module throughout the rest of the tutorial. You can also use the individual class files under adobjects directly.

Understanding CRUD

The SDK implements a CRUD (create, read, update, delete) design. Objects relevant to exploring the graph are located in the objects module of the facebook_business package.

All objects on the graph are instances of AbstractObject. Some objects can be directly queried and thus are instances of AbstractCrudObject (a subclass of AbstractObject). Both these abstract classes are located in facebook_business.adobjects.

There is and additional folder adobjects under facebook_business. Under this you will see a file for every ad object in our Marketing API. These files are autogenerated from our API and therefore are close in parity with what API has to offer. Based on what CRUD operations can be performed on each object, you will see the presence of the following methods in them:

• api_get
• api_update
• api_delete
• create_xxx
• get_xxx

For example, Campaign has all these methods but AdAccount does not. Read the Marketing API documentation for more information about how different ad objects are used.

There are some deprecated function in AbstractCrudObject, like

• remote_create
• remote_read
• remote_update
• remote_delete

Please try to stop use them since we may plan to deprecated them soon.

Exploring the Graph

The way the SDK abstracts the API is by defining classes that represent objects on the graph. These class definitions and their helpers are located in facebook_business.adobjects.

Initializing Objects

Look at AbstractObject's and AbstractCrudObject's __init__ method for more information. Most objects on the graph subclass from one of the two.

When instantiating an ad object, you can specify its id if it already exists by defining fbid argument. Also, if you want to interact with the API using a specific api object instead of the default, you can specify the api argument.

Edges

Look at the methods of an object to see what associations over which we can iterate. For example an User object has a method get_ad_accounts which returns an iterator of AdAccount objects.

Ad Account

Most ad-related operations are in the context of an ad account. You can go to Ads Manager to see accounts for which you have permission. Most of you probably have a personal account.

Let's get all the ad accounts for the user with the given access token. I only have one account so the following is printed:

>>> from facebook_business.adobjects.user import User
>>> me = adobjects.User(fbid='me')
>>> my_accounts = list(me.get_ad_accounts())
>>> print(my_accounts)
[{   'account_id': u'17842443', 'id': u'act_17842443'}]
>>> type(my_accounts[0])
<class 'facebook_business.adobjects.AdAccount'>

WARNING: We do not specify a keyword argument api=api when instantiating the User object here because we've already set the default api when bootstrapping.

NOTE: We wrap the return value of get_ad_accounts with list() because get_ad_accounts returns an EdgeIterator object (located in facebook_business.adobjects) and we want to get the full list right away instead of having the iterator lazily loading accounts.

For our purposes, we can just pick an account and do our experiments in its context:

>>> my_account = my_accounts[0]

Or if you already know your account id:

>>> my_account = adobjects.AdAccount('act_17842443')

Create

Let's create a campaign. It's in the context of the account, i.e. its parent should be the account.

fields = [
]
params = {
  adobjects.Campaign.Field.name : 'Conversions Campaign',
  adobjects.Campaign.Field.configured_status: adobjects.Campaign.Status.paused,
}
campaign = AdAccount(id).create_campaign(fields, params)

Then we specify some details about the campaign. To figure out what properties to define, you should look at the available fields of the object (located in Campaign.Field) and also look at the ad object's documentation (e.g. Campaign).

NOTE: To find out the fields, look at the individual class file under adobjects directory.

If there's an error, an exception will be raised. Possible exceptions and their descriptions are listed in facebook_business.exceptions.

Read

We can also read properties of an object from the api assuming that the object is already created and has a node path. Accessing properties of an object is simple since AbstractObject implements the collections.MutableMapping. You can access them just like accessing a key of a dictionary:

>>> print(my_account)
{'account_id': u'17842443', 'id': u'act_17842443'}
>>> my_account = my_account.api_get(fields=[adobjects.AdAccount.Field.amount_spent])
>>> print(my_account[adobjects.AdAccount.Field.amount_spent])
{'amount_spent': 21167, 'account_id': u'17842443', 'id': u'act_17842443'}

Update

To update an object, we can modify its properties and then call the api_update method to sync the object with the server. Let's correct the typo "Campain" to "Campaign":

>>> campaign.api_update(fields=[], params={adobjects.Campaign.Field.name:"Potato Campaign"})

You can see the results in ads manager.

Delete

If we decide we don't want the campaign we created anymore:

campaign.api_delete()

Useful Arguments

MULTIPLE ACCESS TOKENS

Throughout the docs, the method FacebookAdsApi.init is called before making any API calls. This method set up a default FacebookAdsApi object to be used everywhere. That simplifies the usage but it's not feasible when a system using the SDK will make calls on behalf of multiple users.

The reason why this is not feasible is because each user should have its own FacebookSession, with its own access token, rather than using the same session for every one. Each session should be used to create a separate FacebookAdsApi object. See example below:

my_app_id = '<APP_ID>'
my_app_secret = '<APP_SECRET>'
my_access_token_1 = '<ACCESS_TOKEN_1>'
my_access_token_2 = '<ACCESS_TOKEN_2>'
proxies = {'http': '<HTTP_PROXY>', 'https': '<HTTPS_PROXY>'} # add proxies if needed

session1 = FacebookSession(
    my_app_id,
    my_app_secret,
    my_access_token_1,
    proxies,
)

session2 = FacebookSession(
    my_app_id,
    my_app_secret,
    my_access_token_2,
    proxies,
)

api1 = FacebookAdsApi(session1)
api2 = FacebookAdsApi(session2)

In the SDK examples, we always set a single FacebookAdsApi object as the default one. However, working with multiples access_tokens, require us to use multiples apis. We may set a default api for a user, but, for the other users, we shall use its the api object as a param. In the example below, we create two AdUsers, the first one using the default api and the second one using its api object:

FacebookAdsApi.set_default_api(api1)

me1 = AdUser(fbid='me')
me2 = AdUser(fbid='me', api=api2)

Another way to create the same objects from above would be:

me1 = AdUser(fbid='me', api=api1)
me2 = AdUser(fbid='me', api=api2)

From here, all the following workflow for these objects remains the same. The only exceptions are the classmethods calls, where we now should pass the api we want to use as the last parameter on every call. For instance, a call to the Aduser.get_by_ids method should be like this:

session = FacebookSession(
 my_app_id,
 my_app_secret,
 my_access_token_1,
 proxies,
)

api = FacebookAdsApi(session1)
Aduser.get_by_ids(ids=['<UID_1>', '<UID_2>'], api=api)

CRUD

All CRUD calls support a params keyword argument which takes a dictionary mapping parameter names to values in case advanced modification is required. You can find the list of parameter names as attributes of {your object class}.Field. Under the Field class there may be other classes which contain, as attributes, valid fields of the value of one of the parent properties.

api_update and create_xxx support a files keyword argument which takes a dictionary mapping file reference names to binary opened file objects.

api_get supports a fields keyword argument which is a convenient way of specifying the 'fields' parameter. fields takes a list of fields which should be read during the call. The valid fields can be found as attributes of the class Field.

Edges

When initializing an EdgeIterator or when calling a method such as AdAccount.get_ad_campaigns:

• You can specify a fields argument which takes a list of fields to read for the objects being read.
• You can specify a params argument that can help you specify or filter the edge more precisely.

Batch Calling

It is efficient to group together large numbers of calls into one http request. The SDK makes this process simple. You can group together calls into an instance of FacebookAdsApiBatch (available in facebook_business.api). To easily get one for your api instance:

my_api_batch = api.new_batch()

Calls can be added to the batch instead of being executed immediately:

campaign.api_delete(batch=my_api_batch)

Once you're finished adding calls to the batch, you can send off the request:

my_api_batch.execute()

Please follow batch call guidelines in the Marketing API documentation. There are optimal numbers of calls per batch. In addition, you may need to watch out that for rate limiting as a batch call simply improves network performance and each call does count individually towards rate limiting.

Exceptions

See facebook_business.exceptions for a list of exceptions which may be thrown by the SDK.

Tests

Unit tests

The unit tests don't require an access token or network access. Run them with your default installed Python as follows:

python -m facebook_business.test.unit

You can also use tox to run the unit tests with multiple Python versions:

sudo apt-get install python-tox  # Debian/Ubuntu
sudo yum install python-tox      # Fedora
tox --skip-missing-interpreters

You can increase interpreter coverage by installing additional versions of Python. On Ubuntu you can use the deadsnakes PPA. On other distributions you can build from source and then use sudo make altinstall to avoid conflicts with your system-installed version.

Examples

Examples of usage are located in the examples/ folder.

Debug

If this SDK is not working as expected, it may be either a SDK issue or API issue.

This can be identified by constructing a raw cURL request and seeing if the response is as expected

for example:

from facebook_business.adobjects.page import Page
from facebook_business.api import FacebookAdsApi

FacebookAdsApi.init(access_token=access_token, debug=True)
page = Page(page_id).api_get(fields=fields,params=params)

When running this code, this cURL request will be printed to the console as:

curl -X 'GET' -H 'Accept: */*' -H 'Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate' -H 'Connection: keep-alive' -H 'User-Agent: fbbizsdk-python-v3.3.1' 'https://graph.facebook.com/v3.3/<pageid>/?access_token=<access_token>&fields=name%2Cbirthday%2Cphone'

SDK Codegen

Our SDK is autogenerated from SDK Codegen. If you want to learn more about how our SDK code is generated, please check this repository.

Issue

Since we want to handle bugs more efficiently, we've decided to close issue reporting in Github and move to our dedicated bug reporting channel. If you encounter a bug with Business SDK (Python), please report the issue at our developer bug reporting channel.

License

Facebook Business SDK for Python is licensed under the LICENSE file in the root directory of this source tree.